Abstract In this study, we measured diurnal patterns of sap flow (V s ) in cacao trees growing in three types of agroforestry systems (AFs) that differ in the incident solar radiation they receive.We modeled the relationship of V s with several microclimatic characteristics of the AFs using mixed linear models.We characterized microclimatic variables that may have an effect on diurnal patterns of sap flow: air relative humidity, air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit.Overall, our model predicted the differences between cacao Ketchup V s in the three different AFs, with cacao plants with dense Musaceae plantation and high mean diurnal incident radiation (H PAR Cherry Fruit (Tart ) displaying the highest differences compared to the other agroforestry arrangements.The model was also able to predict situations such as nocturnal transpiration in H PAR and inverse nocturnal sap flows indicative of hydraulic redistribution in the other AFs receiving less incident radiation.
Overall, the model we present here can be a useful and cost-effective tool for predicting transpiration and water use in cacao trees, as well as for managing cacao agroforestry systems in the Amazon rainforest.